Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 1: Antiquity to the mid-19th century.
نویسنده
چکیده
Orthodontics had its beginnings in the time of the ancient Egyptians, who used crude metal bands and catgut, but it was not until the late 18th century that the first practical appliances came into use. These were fine-tuned during the early 1900s; today's mechanisms are merely refinements. Major changes occurred when practitioners--originally physicians--began turning their attention from cosmetic "regulating" to occlusion and stability, while empiricism gave way to objectivity and the scientific method. The purpose of this article is to review the history of orthodontics from antiquity to the modern era. The article is divided into chapters that will be presented serially in every other issue of the Journal.
منابع مشابه
Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 6: More early 20th-century appliances and the extraction controversy.
The trying conditions of the Great Depression and World War II did not deter innovative orthodontists from adding 3 new appliances to our armamentarium. Clinicians become fragmented into various technique "camps." Silas Kloehn's neck gear became a more patient-friendly version of extraoral anchorage, but it still had drawbacks. Angle's stranglehold on the specialty was finally broken when 3 of ...
متن کاملOrthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 16: Late 20th-century fixed appliances.
Ever since Edward Angle introduced his edgewise appliance in 1925, orthodontic innovators have been working to improve on not only its original design, but also the method of attachment. Our "strap-ups" have evolved from banding to bonding, from labial to lingual, and from metallic to clear. But, as Angle would be pleased to learn, we still call it edgewise.
متن کاملOrthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 12: Two controversies: early treatment and occlusion.
From the beginning, orthodontists have been faced with the decision of when to start treatment. Until the late 20th century, this decision was based on clinical observation, the influence of strong leaders, and (after midcentury) the results obtained by what Europeans called "functional jaw orthopedics." Recent findings questioning the efficacy of early treatment have forced orthodontists to as...
متن کاملOrthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 7: Facial analysis before the advent of the cephalometer.
The cephalometer was not invented in a vacuum. It was the culmination of centuries of efforts on the part of artists, anthropologists, and scientists to fathom nature's vicissitudes. Whereas Renaissance investigators "caged" the human face in a series of grids in an effort to find proportional relations, 20th-century orthodontists were more interested in knowing how the teeth and jaws related t...
متن کاملOrthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 11: the golden age of orthodontics.
For orthodontists, the post-World War II era was characterized by the introduction of fluoridation, sit-down dentistry, and an upswing in extractions. Postwar prosperity, the baby boom, and increased enlightenment of parents contributed to what was later called the "golden age of orthodontics." The subsequent clamor for more orthodontists led to a proliferation of graduate departments and inaug...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
دوره 127 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005